Biorefinery is an indispensable technology to implement the blueprint of the circular bioeconomy. As a critical component of sustainable development, this discourse has attracted wide attention at the regional and international levels. The transition from a fossil-based linear economy to a circular bioeconomy is no longer an option but rather imperative, given worldwide concerns about the depletion of fossil resources and the demand for innovative products that are ecocompatible. Therefore, the proposed biorefinery scheme based on 1:5 avocado to plantain integration rate showed techno-economic pre-feasibility, with a profit margin of 3.56 MUSD/yr and a positive NPV in less than 2 years of the project lifetime. These results demonstrate the increase on biogas production when the integration occurs. In the anaerobic digestion, 282, 116, and 304 ml of CH4 per g of VS were obtained during 15 days of the experiment for plantain peel, exhausted avocado seed, and 1:5 avocado to plantain samples, respectively. Experimental extraction of avocado seed oil had a yield of 1.33 ± 0.95% w/w. The integration of raw materials showed an overall improvement of the biorefinery. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating avocado and plantain residues as raw materials to produce biogas, ethanol, and avocado seed oil. The mass and energy balances were obtained using Aspen Plus V.9.0, while the economic assessment was performed using Aspen Process Economic Analyzer. Ethanol was included as a third product by the simulation of the whole biorefinery based on reported literature data. The experimental procedures were performed to obtain biogas and avocado seed oil. This work addresses the techno-economic analysis for a multi-feedstock biorefinery system using plantain and avocado residues as raw materials. This second part focuses on the lignocellulose-rich biowaste from pineapple, sugarcane, and banana, showing biorefinery concepts, where fuel and energy production, as well as establishment of novel products and new applications, play an important role. Part I of the review already highlighted the potential of producing promising bioactive chemical compounds by novel biorefinery concepts from agricultural waste originating from coffee and oil palm cultivation. This review aims to bring up the recent state of waste treatment but even more, stress potential opportunities of adding value to not used residues thus, improve sustainability in the agro industrial sector. Traditional ways of waste treatment cannot cope with the increasing amount of biomass produced and therefore, bear various challenges often related to increased pollution. In the case of Costa Rica, the five major crops cultivated for export are coffee, oil palm, pineapple, sugarcane, and banana. Especially, in tropical countries agricultural activities lead to tremendous amounts of biomass, resulting in waste that has to be dealt with. Instead of targeting first-generation biofuels-that compete with food supply-the focus relies on lignocellulosic material, considering many aspects, such as sustainable fuel production, as well as valorization of waste, as an alternative to the traditional petrochemical approach of goods production. Biorefineries are a model for greener production processes, based on the concept of bioeconomy.
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